LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR THE AIRCRAFT FIRE
PROTECTION/MISHAP INVESTIGATION COURSE
Presented by
AFP ASSOCIATES
17497 SE 84th EVERGREEN CT.
THE VILLAGES FL 32162
(352) 751-7251 OR(937) 435-8778
Most of the reports may be obtained from:
Defenses Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Building 5, Cameron Station
Alexandria VA 22304-6145
703 274-3848
or
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Springfield, VA 22161
703 487-4650
NOTE: GUS SARKOS' REFERENCES FOR 2007 AND ON ARE AT THE END OF THIS LIST
--------------------------------------------------------------
"A Practical Guide to Instrumental Analysis"
CRC Press 1995 (QD79.15P86)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations" 6th Edition
National Safety Council
Chicago, Ill 60611
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Advanced Technology for Fire Suppression in Aircraft" Donald P. Bein and others,
Next Generation Program (NGP) To be published in 2006
------------------------------------------------------------
"Aircraft Accident Investigation Glossary"
Transportation Safety Institute
U.S. Department of Transportation
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Aircraft Accident Investigation"
Sam Taylor (USAF Civilian Retired)
Burton P. Chesterfield, P.E.
Manager, Aviation Safety Division
Transportation Safety Institute
6500 S. MacArthur Boulevard
Oklahoma City OK 73125
---------------------------------------------------------------
"An Introduction to Fire Dynamics"
Dougal Drysdale
2nd Edition, QD516.D79, 1999
------------------------------------------------------------------
"An Introduction to Fire Dyamics", D. Drysdale, 1990
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Analytical Instrumentation Handbook"
Ewing, G.W.
QD79.15A49, 1990
------------------------------------------------------------
"Aviation Fuel Properties"
CRC Document No. 530
Coordinating Research Council
Atlanta, Georgia
1983
---------------------------------------------------------------
"AVIATION FUELS WITH IMPROVED FIRE SAFETY"
National Academy Press, NMAB-490, Washington, D.C., 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Aviation Fuels"
Maxwell Smith
G. T. Foulis & Co. Ltd.
Henley-On-Thames, Oxfordshire
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications"
D.A. Crowl & J.F. Louvar, TP155.5.C76, 1990
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Combustibility of Plastics"
by Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991,(TH9446.5 )
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases"
Second Edition
Bernard Lewis, Ph.D., Sc.D. (Cantab.) and Guenther von Elbe, Ph.D. (Berlin)
Combustion and Explosives Research, Inc.
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
Academic Press Inc.
New York and London, 1961
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Combustion"
Irvin Glassman
Academic Press NY, 1977
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Determining the Feasibility of Vulnerability Reduction Techniques for C-130 Wing Dry Bays"
John J. Murphy
46OG/OGM/OL-AC
WPAFB OH, 1999
-------------------------------------------
"Dynamic Combustion Processes Involving Aerospace Metallic Materials"
B.P. Botteri
Submitted to Univ. of Dayton as Masters Degree Dissertation, July 1973
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Electrical Instruments in Hazardous Locations, Third Edition"
by Ernest C. Magison, 1978
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"Electricity for Technicians"
by Abraham Marcus
Prentice-Hall, 1968
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"Explosions in Air"
Wilfred E. Baker
Southwest Research Institute, 1983
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Explosives,Propellants & Pyrotechnics"
by A Bailey & S. G. Murray
Royal Military College of Science
Shrivenham, UK
----------------------------------------------------------------
"External Fire Model for Fuel System Vulnerability Assessment"
Levelle Mahood, Falcon Research and Development Co., July 1980
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Exxon Products Summary"
Exxon Company, U.S.A.
Marketing Technical Services
P.O. Box 2180 Houston, Texas 77252-2180
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Protection Handbook, Eighteen Edition"
NFPA, 1997
-----------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Prevention Handbook"
Derek James,
Butterworth & Co. UK, 1986
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Protection Manual for Hydrocarbon Processing Plants"
C. H. Veralin, Vol.1, 3rd Edition, Gulf Publishing Co., 1985
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Test Analysis of Past Aircraft Accidents: Manchester, 1985 and ValuJet, 1996" NFPA
International Conference on Aviation Fire Protection, University of Maryland, September 21-24,
1998.
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Protection Handbook"
Arthur E. Cote & Jim L. Linville, NFPA. 1991
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Hazards of the Plastics Manufacturing and Fabrication Industries"
The National Board of Fire Underwriters
85 John Street, New York, New York 10038, 1963
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Penetration Resistance of Thermal Acoustic Insulation Installed on Transport Category Airplanes; Proposed Rule",
Federal Register, Vol. 71, No. 63, April 3, 2006, pp 16677-16682.
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Protection Engineering, The SFPE Handbook of"
SFPE & NFPA, 1990
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire"John W. Lyons
Scientific American Books, 1985
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Flames"
A.G. Grydon and H.G. Wolfhard
Chapman and Hall
Second Edition Revised 1960
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Flammable and Liquids Code Handbook"
Fourth Edition
Robert P. Benedett, NFPA, 1991
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Fuel System - Hot Brakes, Fuel & Oil Auto Ignition Test"
General Dynamics
Contract F33657-75--C-0310, 30 April 1980
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Fuels and Combustion"
Marion L. Smith (Ohio State University) and Karl W. Stinson (Ohio State University)
McGraw-Hill Book Company
New York Toronto London, 1952
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Fundamentals of Combustion"
Roger A. Strehlow
International Textbook Company, 1968
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Hazardous Materials Regulations: Transport of Compressed Oxygen, etc."
Federal Register, Vol. 69, No. 88, May 6, 2004. pp. 25470-25478.
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Hazardous Materials Regulations: Transport of Compressed Oxygen, etc."
Federal Register, Vol. 69, No. 88, May 6, 2004. pp. 25470-25478.
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Improved Flammability Standards for Thermal Acoustic Insulation, etc.",
Federal Register, Vol. 68, No. 147, July 31, 2003, pp 45046-45084.
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Improved Flammability Standards for Thermal Acoustic Insulation, etc.",
Federal Register, Vol. 68, No. 147, July 31, 2003, pp 45046-45084.
---------------------------------------------------------------
"In-Flight Fire Leading to Collision with Water"
Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Aviation Investigation Report A98H0003,
Swiss Air MD-11;
Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia; 2 September 1998.
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Industrial Fire Hazards Handbook"
Arthur E. Cote & Jim L. Linville, NFPA, 1990
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Industrial Explosion Prevention and Protection"
Frank T. Budurtha, E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Company
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1980
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Introduction to Materials Science"
A.G. Guy
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1972
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Lightning Protection of Aircraft"
by Fisher, Perala, Plumer
Lightning Technologies Inc., 1990
----------------------------------------------------------------
"Materials Engineering Magazine"
A Penton Publication, December, 1990
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Principles of Fire Protection"
Arthur Cote & Percy Bugbee, NFPA
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Principles of Fire Protection Chemistry"
Second Edition
Raymond Friedman, NFPA
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Reduction of Fuel Tank Flammability in Transport Category Airplanes; Proposed Rule",
Federal Register, Vol. 70, No. 225,
November 23, 2005, pp 70922-70962.
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Report on the Accident to Boeing 737 at Manchester on 22 August 1985"
Air Accidents Investigation Branch (1988),
Aircraft Accident Report 8/88,
London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Report on the Accident to Boeing 737 at Manchester on 22 August 1985"
Air Accidents Investigation Branch (1988), Aircraft Accident Report 8/88, London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Revised Standards for Cargo or Baggage Compartments, etc.,
"Federal Register, Vol. 63, No 31, February 17, 1998, pp. 8032-8049.
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Revised Standards for Cargo or Baggage Compartments, etc.,
"Federal Register, Vol. 63, No 31, February 17, 1998, pp. 8032-8049.
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Risk Assessment and Risk Management for the Chemical Process Industry"
H.R. Greenberg & J.J. Cramer, TP155.5.R55 1991
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Rocket Propulsion Elements"
An Introduction to the Engineering of Rockets
by George P. Sutton
---------------------------------------------------------------
"Some Notes on Sparks and Ignition of Fuels"
Fisher, Franklin A.
NASA/TM-2000-210077, March 2000
-------------------------------------------
"Symposium on an Appraisal of Halogenated Fire Extinguishing Agents"
Proceedings of a Symposium, April 11-12, 1972
National Academy of Sciences
Washington D.C., 1972
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Textbook of Polymer Science"
Fred W. Biccmeyer Jr.
Wiley-Interscience, Second Edition 1971
---------------------------------------------------------------
"The Challenge of Global Warming", Edited by Dean Edwin Abrahamson,
Natural Resources Defense Council
Island Press, 1989
--------------------------------------------------------------
"Transient Temperature in Engineering and Science"
B. Lawton and G. Klingenberg
Oxford: New York: University Press, 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------
"What Went Wrong, A Case History of Process Plant Disasters"
Trevor A. Kletz, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX, 1985
--------------------------------------------------------------
Advisory Circular 25.856-2
"Installation of Thermal Acoustic for Burnthrough Protection",
DOT/FAA, January 17, 2006.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Advisory Circular 25.856-1
"Thermal Acoustic Insulation Flame Propagation Test Method Details",
DOT/FAA, June 24, 2005.
-------------------------------------------------------------
AFAPL-TR-73-76
"Vulnerability Assessment of JP-4 and JP-8 Under Vertical Gunfire Impact Conditions"
Jon R. Manheim
Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433
December 1973
-------------------------------------------------------------
AFAPL-TR-79-2095
"Dynamic, Hot Surface Ignition of Aircraft Fuels and Hydraulic Fluids"
Donald J. Myronuk, (San Jose State University)
Aero Propulsion Laboratory
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433
October 1988
---------------------------------------------------------------
AFAPL-TR-79-2055
"Assessment of the Flammability of Aircraft Hydraulic Fluids"
Leo Parts
Aero Propulsion Laboratory
WPAFB, OH 45433
July 1979
--------------------------------------------------------------
AFAPL-TR-73-50
"Incendiary Gunfire Simulation Techniques for Fuel Tank Explosion Protection Testing"
A. J. Ferrenberg and E. E. Ott
Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433
July 1973
---------------------------------------------------------------
AFAPL-TR-85-2057
"Aircraft Mishap Fire Pattern Investigations"
Joseph M. Kuchta, Mining and Industrial Cadre, and Robert G.
Clodfelter, Aero Propulsion Laboratory
Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433
August 1985
---------------------------------------------------------------
AFAPL-TR-87-2024
"Fighter Aircraft OBIGGS Study" Volumes I and II
W.L. Vannice, A.F. Grenich and T.J. Howell
Boeing Military Airplane Company
June 1987
---------------------------------------------------------------
AFAPL-SFH-TM-77-10
"Simulated JP-4 Vapors for Fuel Tank Explosion Testing"
Fire Protection Branch
Fuels and Lubrication Division
Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433
February 1977
-------------------------------------------------------------
AFFDL-TR-78-66
"Test and Evaluation of Halon 1301 and Nitrogen Inerting Against 23mm HEI Projectiles"
Charles L. Anderson
May 1978
--------------------------------------------------------------
AFWAL-TR-87-2004
"Effects of Aircraft Engine Bleed Air Duct Failures on Surrounding Aircraft Structure"
A.M. Johnson, Boeing Military Airplane Company
April 1987
--------------------------------------------------------------
AFWAL-TR-88-2022
"Fire Extinguishing agent evaluation in the Aircraft Engine Nacelle fire Test Simulator"
A.M. Johnson, Boeing Advanced Systems
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433
June 1988
--------------------------------------------------------------
AFWAL-TR-87-3032
"Aircraft Dry Bay Fire Protection"
M.F. Robaidek,
Boeing Military Airplane Company
July 1987
----------------------------------------------------------------
AGARD Conference Proceedings #587 on Aircraft Fire Safety
Propulsion and Energetics Panel, 88th Symposium,
Dresden, Germany,
14-17 October 1996.
---------------------------------------------------------------
AFWAL-TR-88-2101
"Hot Surface Ignition Tests of Aircraft Fluids"
A.M. Johnson, A.J. Roth (Boeing Advanced Systems) and N. Albert Moussa (Blazetech Corp.)
Aero Propulsion Laboratory
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433
November 1988
-------------------------------------------------------------
AGARD Conference Proceedings #587 on Aircraft Fire Safety
Propulsion and Energetics Panel, 88th Symposium, Dresden, Germany, 14-17 October 1996.
----------------------------------------------------------------
AGARD Conference Proceedings No 84 on Aircraft Fuels,
Lubricants, and Fire Safety
The Hague, Netherlands
10-14 May 1971
--------------------------------------------------------------
AGARD Advisory Report No. 132AGARD Conference Proceedings No 166 on Aircraft Fire
Safety
45th Meeting of AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Panel
Palazzo Aeronautics, Rome, Italy, 7-11 April 1975
--------------------------------------------------------------
AGARD Conference Proceedings No 467 on Aircraft Fire Safety
Propulsion and Energetics Panel, 73rd Symposium
Sintra, Portugal, 22-26 May 1989
--------------------------------------------------------------
AGARD Lecture Series No 123
Aircraft Fire Safety
Sponsored by Propulsion and Energetics Panel
Published May 1982
--------------------------------------------------------------
AIAA Paper # 85-0393
"Evaluation of Aircraft Interior Panels Under Full-Scale Cabin Fire Test Conditions",
C. Sarkos and R. Hill, AIAA 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting,
Reno, NV, January 14-17, 1985.
-------------------------------------------------------------
AIAA Paper # 85-0393
"Evaluation of Aircraft Interior Panels Under Full-Scale Cabin Fire Test Conditions",
C. Sarkos
and R. Hill,
AIAA 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting,
Reno, NV, January 14-17, 1985.
---------------------------------------------------------------
AICHE Monograph Series, 10 Volume 73, 1977
"Fundamentals of Fire and Explosion"
Daniel R. Stull
--------------------------------------------------------------
AMD-TR-67-2
Proceedings of Fire Hazards and Extinguishment Conference
Aerospace Medical Division
Air Force Systems Command
Brooks AFB, Texas
23 May 1967
--------------------------------------------------------------
APL TDR-64-105
"Fire Protection Research Program For Supersonic Transport"
Melvin Gerstein and Robert D. Allen, Dynamic Science Corp.
Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433
October 1964
---------------------------------------------------------------
Army BRL Report 1930
"Aircraft Vulnerability Assessment Methodology, Volume 11 - Fuel System"
Walter Vikestad & Robert E. Walther
September 1976
--------------------------------------------------------------
Bulletin 627
"Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors"
Michael G. Zabetakis
Bureau of Mines, 1965
---------------------------------------------------------------
Bulletin 680
"Investigation of Fire and Explosion Accident in the Chemical, Mining, and Fuel-related
Industries- A Manual
Joseph M. Kuchta
Bureau of Mines, 1985
-------------------------------------------------------------
Combustion and Flame 46:213-218 (1982)
"Influence of Hot Surface Size on Methane - Air Ignition/Temperature"
Normand M. Laurendeau & Richard N. Caron
The Combustion Institute, 1982
---------------------------------------------------------------
Coordinated Research Council Report CA-36-61
Aircraft and Refueler Bonding and Grounding Study
--------------------------------------------------------------
CRC Report No. 530
"Handbook of Aviation Fuel Properties"
219 Perimeter Center Parkway
Atlanta, GA 30346, 1983
-------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN00/29
"Aircraft Cargo Compartment Smoke Detector Alarm Incidents on U.S.-Registered Aircraft,
1979-1999",
David Blake,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
June 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN04/33
"An Examination of the Effectiveness of Hand-Held Extinguishers Against Hidden Fires in the Cabin Overhead of
Standard and Wide Body Transport Aircraft",
T. Marker,
FAA TechnicalCenter,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
to be published.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-95/5
"Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Gases and Development of a Survival Model",
L. Speitel,
FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
July 1995.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/29
"Effectiveness for Flight Attendants Attempting to Extinguish Fires in an Accessible Cargo Compartment",
D. Blake,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
April 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN03/6
"Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Halon Replacement Fire
Suppression Systems",
J. Reinhardt,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
April 2003.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-01/37
"Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers as a Replacement for Halon
1211 on Civil Transport Category Aircraft",
H. Webster,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
August 2002.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA
14 CFR Part 25
"Airworthiness Standards: Fire Protection Requirements for Cargo or Baggage Compartments; Final Rule"
Federal Register, Vol 51, No 95
Friday May 16, 1986
--------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-86-22
"An Investigation of the FAA Vented Bunsen Burner Flammability Test Method"
Patricia Cahill
FAA Technical Center
Atlantic City International Airport NJ 08405
August 1986
--------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN97/103
"Initial Development of an Exploding Aerosol Can Simulator",
T. Marker,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, NJ,
April 1998.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-83/44
"A Laboratory Test for Evaluating the Fire Containment Characteristics of Aircraft Class D Cargo Compartment
Lining Material,:
L. Brown, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
October 1983.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-82/156
"Fire Containment Characteristics of Aircraft Class D Cargo Compartment,"
D. Blake, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
March 1983.
---------------------------------------------------------------DOT/FAA/CT-TN90/19
"Flammability of Fire Resistant Aircraft Hydraulic Fluid",
D. Blake,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
April 1990.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-88/22
"Enhanced Emergency Smoke Venting",
Elliott L. Maylor,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
July 1988.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN03/35
"The Response of Aircraft Oxygen Generators Exposed to Elevated Temperatures",
D. Blake,
FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
April 2003.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN98/30
"Evaluation of Oxygen Cylinder Overpacks Exposed to Elevated Temperature,"
T. Marker, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, NJ,
June 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN98/29
"Oxygen Enhanced Fires in LD-3 Cargo Containers,"
T. Marker, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
May 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-83/1
"Analysis of Dissipation of Gaseous Extinguisher Agents in Ventilated Compartments",
Thor I.
Eklund,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, NJ,
May 1983.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-TN91/51
"Effectiveness of an Onboard Water Spray System During an Oxygen Enriched Cabin Fire", T.
Marker, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
December 1991.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-83/43
"Aircraft Seat Fire Blocking Layers: Effectiveness and Benfits Under Various Scenarios", R. Hill, et al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
February 1984.
---------------------------------------------------------------DOT/FAA/AR-03/58
"Flight Testing of the FAA On-Board Inert Gas Generation System on a Airbus A320,
M. Burns, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
June 2004.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-04/8
"Limiting Oxygen Concentration Required to Inert Jet Fuel Vapors Existing at Reduced Fuel
Tank Pressure Final Phase", S. Summer, FAA Technical
Atlantic City International
Airport, N.J.,
August 2004.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-01/63
"Ground and Flight Testing of a Boeing 737 Center Wing Fuel Tank Inerted with Nitrogen
Enriched Air, M. Burns, et. al., FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.
August 2001.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-98/26
"A Review of the Flammability Hazard of Jet A Fuel Vapor in Civil Transport Aircraft Fuel
Tanks", FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
June 1988.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-84/30
"The Role of Aircraft Panel Materials in Cabin Fires and Their Properties", J.G. Quintiere et al,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
June 1985.
--------------------------------------------------------------------DOT/FAA/AR-99/44
"Development of Improved Flammability Criteria for Aircraft Thermal Acoustic Insulation",
T. Marker,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
September 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-83/29
"Correlation of Laboratory-Scale Fire Test Methods for Seat Blocking Layer Materials with Large-Scale Test Results",
L. Brown, et. al.,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
June 1983.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-91/2
"Development and Growth of Inaccessible Aircraft Fires Under Inflight Airflow Conditions"
David Blake
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Virginia 22161
February 1991
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-TN86/3
"Interlaboratory Comparison of Heat Release Rate Data from Aircraft Panels",
R. Hill., et. al.,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
March 1986.
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-89/32
"Fire Hazards of Aerosol Cans in Aircraft Cargo Compartments"
David R. Blake
FAA Technical Center
Atlantic City International Airport NJ 08405
December 1990
-------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-96/48
"Fuel Fire Penetration Test and Destruction of a Transport Aircraft",
Harry Webster,
FAA
Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
December 1996.
----------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/65
"Mass Loading Effects on Fuel Vapor Concentrations In an Aircraft Fuel Tank Ullage"
Steven M. Summer
Sept. 1999
-------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA
14 CFR Parts 25 and 121
"Improved Flammability Stands for Materials Used in the Interior of Transport Category Airplane Cabins"
Federal Register Vol 51, No 139
Monday July 21, 1986
-------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA Reprint
"Aircraft Fire Safety"
Transportation Safety Institute
Oklahoma City OK 73125
April 1990
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA
14 CFR Part 121
"Airplane Cabin Fire Protection; Final Rule"
Federal Register, Vol 50, No 61,
March 29, 1985
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-99/44
"Development of Improved Flammability Criteria for Aircraft Thermal Acoustic Insulation",
T. Marker,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
September 2000.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-TN86/3
"Interlaboratory Comparison of Heat Release Rate Data from Aircraft Panels",
R. Hill., et. al.,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
March 1986.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-89-15
"Aircraft Material Fire Test Handbook"
FAA Technical Center Atlantic City International Airport NJ 08405
September 1990
--------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-83/29
"Correlation of Laboratory-Scale Fire Test Methods for Seat Blocking Layer Materials with Large-Scale Test Results",
L. Brown, et. al., FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
June 1983.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-83/43
"Aircraft Seat Fire Blocking Layers: Effectiveness and Benfits Under Various Scenarios",
R. Hill, et. al.,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
February 1984.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN04/33
"An Examination of the Effectiveness of Hand-Held Extinguishers Against Hidden Fires in the Cabin Overhead of
Standard and Wide Body Transport Aircraft",
T. Marker,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
to be published.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-95/5
"Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Gases and Development of a Survival Model",
L. Speitel,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
July 1995.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/29
"Effectiveness for Flight Attendants Attempting to Extinguish Fires in an Accessible Cargo Compartment",
D. Blake,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
April 1999.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN03/6
"Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Halon Replacement Fire Suppression Systems",
J. Reinhardt,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
April 2003.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-01/37
"Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers as a Replacement for Halon
1211 on Civil Transport Category Aircraft",
H. Webster,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
August 2002.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-96/122
"Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Lavatory Trash Receptacle Automatic Fire Extinguishers",
T. Marker,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
February 1997.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/65
"Mass Loading Effects on Fuel Vapor Concentratrion in an Aircraft Fuel Tank Ullage"
Steven M. Summer
September 1999
--------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN97/103
"Initial Development of an Exploding Aerosol Can Simulator",
T. Marker,
FAA Technical
Atlantic City International Airport, NJ,
April 1998.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-83/44
"A Laboratory Test for Evaluating the Fire Containment Characteristics of Aircraft Class D Cargo Compartment
Lining Material,
: L. Brown, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
October 1983.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-82/156
"Fire Containment Characteristics of Aircraft Class D Cargo Compartment,"
D. Blake, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
March 1983.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-TN90/19
"Flammability of Fire Resistant Aircraft Hydraulic Fluid",
D. Blake,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
April 1990.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN03/35
"The Response of Aircraft Oxygen Generators Exposed to Elevated Temperatures",
D. Blake,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
April 2003.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN98/30
"Evaluation of Oxygen Cylinder Overpacks Exposed to Elevated Temperature,"
T. Marker, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, NJ,
June 1999.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-TN98/29
"Oxygen Enhanced Fires in LD-3 Cargo Containers,"
T. Marker, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
May 1999.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-88-03
"Study of Benefits of Passenger Protective Breathing Equipment From Analysis of Past
Accidents"
Louise Speitel and Richard G. Hill
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Virginia 22161
March 1988
--------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-TN91/51
"Effectiveness of an Onboard Water Spray System During an Oxygen Enriched Cabin Fire",
T. Marker, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
December 1991.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-03/58
"Flight Testing of the FAA On-Board Inert Gas Generation System on a Airbus A320",
M. Burns, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
June 2004.
-------------------------------------------------------------
"Fire Test Analysis of Past Aircraft Accidents: Manchester, 1985 and ValuJet, 1996"
NFPA International Conference on Aviation Fire Protection,
University of Maryland,
September 21-24, 1998.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-04/8
"Limiting Oxygen Concentration Required to Inert Jet Fuel Vapors Existing at Reduced Fuel Tank Pressure Final Phase",
S. Summer,
FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
August 2004.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-01/63
"Ground and Flight Testing of a Boeing 737 Center Wing Fuel Tank Inerted with Nitrogen Enriched Air",
M. Burns, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.
August 2001.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-98/26
"A Review of the Flammability Hazard of Jet A Fuel Vapor in Civil Transport Aircraft Fuel Tanks",
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
June 1988.
-------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-96/95
"The potential for Fuel Tank Fire and Hydrodynamic Ram from Uncontained Aircraft Engine Debris"
January 1997
--------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA
14 CFR Parts 25,29, and 121
"Flammability Requirements for Aircraft Seat Cushions; Final Rule"
Federal Register, Vol 49, No 209
Friday October 26, 1984
--------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-90/22
"A Model Study of the Aircraft Cabin Environment Resulting from In-Flight Fires",
B.J.
McCaffrey et al,
FAA Technical Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
November 1992.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/CT-85/23
"Aircraft Interior Panel Test Criteria Derived From Full-Scale Fire Tests"
R.G. Hill, T. I. Eklund, and C. P. Sarkos
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Virginia 22161
September 1985
---------------------------------------------------------------
DOT/FAA/AR-96/122
"Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Lavatory Trash Receptacle Automatic
Fire Extinguishers", T. Marker, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
February 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------
FAA-RD-78-135
"Pool Fire Radiation through a Door in a Simulated Aircraft Fuselage",
Thor I. Eklund, National
Aviation Facilities Experimental Center (now FAA Technical Center),
Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
December 1978.
------------------------------------------------------------------- JLF-TR-88-3
"Ballistic Tests Comparing the Flammabilities of MIL-H-5606 and MIL-H-83282 Hydraulic
Fluids"
Captain Hagop Jibilian, WL/FIV
December 1990
-------------------------------------------------------------
Fire Claims Life
Kelly AFB Observer, 27 Jul 89
--------------------------------------------------------------
FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING, 5, Winter 2000: 4-16
"An Overview of Twenty Years of R&D to Improve Aircraft Fire Safety", Constantine P. Sarkos
--------------------------------------------------------------
JTCG/AS-90-T-003"Fire/Explosion Protection Characterization and Optimization:
Phase II-- Alternative Dry Bay Fire Suppression Agent Screening"
E.W. Heinonen, T.A. Moore, J.S. Nimitz, S.R. Skaggs, and H.D. Beeson
NMERI, The University of New Mexico
N. Albert Moussa, Blaze Tech Corp., Oct 1990
--------------------------------------------------------------
JTCG/AS-91-VR-002
(NWC TP 7154)
"Evaluation of the Linear Fire Extinguisher (LFE) Volume II: Water-Based Explosion
Suppression Agent Ballistic Test Program
John F. Barnes and James R. Duzan
Naval Weapons
China Lake, CA, Sept 1991
--------------------------------------------------------------
JTCG/AS-74-T-002
"Environmental and Operating Requirements for Fire Extinguishing Systems on Advanced
Aircraft"
J. D. McClure and R. J. Springer
Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Aircraft Survivability
November 1974
---------------------------------------------------------------
JTCG/AS-75-V-011
"Bleed Air System Design and Vulnerability Assessment Procedures"
Dale J. Kalkbrenner, McDonnell Aircraft Company, Dec 1976
--------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum Report ARBRL-MR-02820
"Impact Thresholds for the Initiation of Metal Sparking"
Warren W. Hillstrom
US Army Armament Research and Development Command
Ballistic Research Laboratory
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
March 1978
--------------------------------------------------------------
MIL-B-5087
BONDING, ELECTRICAL, AND LIGHTING PROTECTION, FOR AEROSPACE SYSTEMS
(superceded by MIL-HDBK-454)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
MIL-F-87168 (USAF)
Fire and Explosion Hazard Protection Systems, Aircraft, General Specification for
--------------------------------------------------------------
MIL-HDBK-274(AS)
Electrical Grounding for Aircraft Safety
by Naval Air Systems Command, 1983
--------------------------------------------------------------
MIL-HDBK-454
"General Guidelines for Electronic Equipment"
------------------------------------------------------------
MIL-STD-882D
DOD Standard practice for System Safety
------------------------------------------------------------
NA-79-1-LR
"Preliminary Evaluation of the Effects of Wind and Door Openings on Hazard Development
Within a Model Fuselage from an External Pool Fire", Thor I. Eklund, National Aviation Facilities
Experimental Center (now FAA Technical Center), Atlantic City International Airport, N.J.,
February 1979
-------------------------------------------------------------
NASA Reference Publication 1008
Lightning Protection of Aircraft
Franklin A. Fisher and J. Anderson Plumer
Aerospace Safety Research and Data Institute
NASA Lewis Research
October 1977
--------------------------------------------------------------
NACA TN 4024
"Appraisal of the Hazards of Friction - Spark Ignition of Aircraft Crash Fires"
John A. Campbell Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory
Cleveland, Ohio, May 1957
--------------------------------------------------------------
NASA Conference Publication 2476
Spacecraft Fire Safety - Proceedings of Workshop held at
NASA/Lewis Research Center
Cleveland, Ohio, August 20-21, 1986
------------------------------------------------------------
NASA/CR-2001-21093 (D950-10529-1)
"Onboard Inert Gas Generation System/Onboard Oxygen Gas Generation System
(OBIGGS/OBOGS) Study Part I: Aircraft System Requirements", Thomas L. Reynolds et al,
NASA, Washington, D.C., May 2001
----------------------------------------------------------------
National Electrical Code, 1996 Edition
Prentice hall (KF5704.G85
----------------------------------------------------------------
National Academy of Sciences Publication 786
"The Use of Models in Fire Research"
National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council
Washington D.C., 1961
--------------------------------------------------------------
National Fire Protection Association
Fire Codes and Fire Protection Handbook
--------------------------------------------------------------
NATO/RTO Papers on Fire Safety and Survivability
Applied Vehicle Technology Panel Specialist's Meeting, Aalborg,
Denmark, 23-26 September 2002.
-------------------------------------------------------------
NATO/RTO Papers on Fire Safety and Survivability
Applied Vehicle Technology Panel Specialist's Meeting, Aalborg,
Denmark, 23-26 September
2002.
---------------------------------------------------------------
NBS Technical Note 1128
"An Oxygen Consumption Technique for Determining the Contribution of Interior Wall Finishes
to Room Fire", Darryl L. Sensenig, Center for Fire Research, National Bureau of Standards (now
NIST), July 1980.
--------------------------------------------------------
NEC Article 513
--------------------------------------------------------------
NFG-T-1-57
"Sparking Characteristics and Safety Hazards of Metallic Materials"
Harold Bernstein and George C. Young
Naval Gun Factory, 8 April 1957
--------------------------------------------------------------
NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigation
NFPA 1995
-----------------------------------------------------------------
NFPA 68
"Venting of Deflagrations - 1988 Edition"
National Fire Protection Association
--------------------------------------------------------------
NTSB Report #NTSB/AAR-00/03 on TWA 800
---------------------------------------------------------------
Propulsion and Energetics Panel Working Group 11 on Aircraft Fire Safety
Volume 2, Main Report
November 1979
--------------------------------------------------------------
SAE Paper #901951
"Aircraft Fire Detection and Suppression"
Thomas C. Hillman
Walter Kidde Aerospace, Inc.
Wilson NC
1-4 October 1990
--------------------------------------------------------------
SAE Paper #901951
"Aircraft Fire Detection and Suppression"
Thomas C. Hillman and William R. Kane
Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition
Long Beach, CA, Oct 1-4 1990
---------------------------------------------------------------
SAE Paper #800622
"Aircraft Fire and Overheat Detection and Extinguishment"
Jason J. Waldman
Fenwal, Inc.
Ashland MA
9-11 April 1980
--------------------------------------------------------------
SAE Paper #901953
"Fire/Explosion Vulnerability Reduction of Advanced Aircraft"
Levelle Mahood, Northrop Corp.
1-4 October 1990
-------------------------------------------------------------
SAE Paper #901950
"Hot Surface Ignition and Aircraft Safety Criteria"
Robert G. Clodfelter
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-6563
1-4 October 1990
-------------------------------------------------------------
SAE Paper #821484
"Effectiveness of Seat Cushion Fire Blocking Layer Materials Against Cabin Fires", C. Sarkos and R. Hill,
Aerospace Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, October 25-28, 1982.
-------------------------------------------------------------
SAE Paper #680323"Ignition and Flammability Properties of Lubricants"
J.M. Kuchta and R.J. Cato, Bureau of Mines
SAE Transactions, Vol 77, 1968
--------------------------------------------------------------SAE Paper #982485
"Lower Explosion Limits and Compositions of Middle Distillate Fuel Vapors"
D.W. Naegeli and K.H. Childress
Southwest Research Institute
Oct 19-22, 1998
-------------------------------------------
SAE Paper #821484
"Effectiveness of Seat Cushion Fire Blocking Layer Materials Against Cabin Fires", C. Sarkos
and R. Hill, Aerospace Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, October 25-28, 1982.
---------------------------------------------------------------
SURVIAC TR 95-010 or WL-TR-95-3039
"Halon Replacement Program for Aviation Dry Bay Application"
Phase 1- Operation Parameters Study
Capt B.A. Poole and J.A. Wheeler
Wright Laboratory, WBAFB, Ohio, Sept 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------
SURVIAC-TR-93-007
"Aircraft Dry Bay Fire Model Plan
R.G. Clodfelter, Dr. N.A. Moussa and A.M. Pascal
Wright Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio, June 24, 1993
-------------------------------------------------------------
Toxicology, 115, 79-87 (1996)
"Application of Full-Scale Fire Tests to Characterize and Improve the Aircraft Postcrash Fire
Environment", C. Sarkos
---------------------------------------------------------------
Toxicology, 115, 79-87 (1996)
"Application of Full-Scale Fire Tests to Characterize and Improve the Aircraft Postcrash Fire Environment", C. Sarkos
-------------------------------------------------------------
TOXICOLOGY, 115; 135-144 (1996)
"In-flight Cabin Smoke Control", Thor I. Eklund
-------------------------------------------------------------
USAAVRADCOM-TR-80-D-33
"A Study of the Blast and Combustion Over-Pressure Characteristics of the 23MM High Explosive
Incendiary-Tracer (HEI-T)"
Charles M. Pedriani and Thomas A. Hogan
Applied Technology Laboratory
U.S. Army Research & Technology Laboratories
Fort Eustis VA 23604November 1980
---------------------------------------------------------------
USAF Technical Order 00-25-172
Ground Servicing of Aircraft and Static Grounding/Bonding
--------------------------------------------------------------
WADC-TR-56-568
"Survey of Fundamental Knowledge of Mechanisms of Action of Flame-Extinguishing Agents"
Raymond Friedman and Joseph B. Levy
Wright Air Development Center, WPAFB, Ohio, January 1957
-------------------------------------------------------------
WADC-TR-52-35
"Research on the Flammability Characteristics of Aircraft Fuels"
G.W. Jones & M.G. Zabetakis, Bureau of Mines
June 1952
---------------------------------------------------------------
GUS SARKOS' REFERENCES FOR 2007 and ON
1.AGARD Conference Proceedings #587 on Aircraft Fire Safety
Propulsion and Energetics Panel, 88th Symposium, Dresden, Germany, 14-17 October 1996.
2.NATO/RTO Papers on Fire Safety and Survivability
Applied Vehicle Technology Panel Specialist's Meeting, Aalborg, Denmark, 23-26 September 2002.
3."Report on the Accident to Boeing 737 at Manchester on 22 August 1985"
Air Accidents Investigation Branch (1988), Aircraft Accident Report 8/88, London: Her Majesty's Stationary
Office.
4."In-Flight Fire Leading to Collision with Water"
Transportation Safety Board of Canada, Aviation Investigation Report A98H0003, Swiss Air MD-11; Peggy's
Cove, Nova Scotia; 2 September 1998.
5.DOT/FAA/AR-98/26
"A Review of the Flammability Hazard of Jet A Fuel Vapor in Civil Transport Aircraft Fuel Tanks", FAA
Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., June 1988.
6.DOT/FAA/AR-01/63
"Ground and Flight Testing of a Boeing 737 Center Wing Fuel Tank Inerted with Nitrogen Enriched Air, M.
Burns, et. al., FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J. August 2001.
7.DOT/FAA/AR-04/8
"Limiting Oxygen Concentration Required to Inert Jet Fuel Vapors Existing at Reduced Fuel Tank Pressure
Final Phase", S. Summer, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., August 2004.
8. DOT/FAA/AR-03/58
"Flight Testing of the FAA On-Board Inert Gas Generation System on a Airbus A320, M. Burns, et. al., FAA
Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., June 2004.
9."Fire Test Analysis of Past Aircraft Accidents: Manchester, 1985 and ValuJet, 1996" C. Sarkos, NFPA
International Conference on Aviation Fire Protection, University of Maryland, September 21-24, 1998.
10. DOT/FAA/CT-TN91/51
"Effectiveness of an Onboard Water Spray System During an Oxygen Enriched Cabin Fire", T. Marker, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., December 1991.
11."Hazardous Materials Regulations: Transport of Compressed Oxygen, etc."
Federal Register, Vol. 69, No. 88, May 6, 2004. pp. 25470-25478.
12. DOT/FAA/AR-TN98/29
"Oxygen Enhanced Fires in LD-3 Cargo Containers," T. Marker, et. al.,
FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., May 1999.
13.DOT/FAA/AR-TN98/30
"Evaluation of Oxygen Cylinder Overpacks Exposed to Elevated Temperature," T. Marker, et. al., FAA Technical
Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, June 1999.
14. DOT/FAA/AR-TN03/35
"The Response of Aircraft Oxygen Generators Exposed to Elevated Temperatures", D. Blake, FAA Technical
Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., April 2003.
15. DOT/FAA/CT-TN90/19
"Flammability of Fire Resistant Aircraft Hydraulic Fluid", D. Blake, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City
International Airport, N.J., April 1990.
16. DOT/FAA/CT-82/156
"Fire Containment Characteristics of Aircraft Class D Cargo Compartment," D. Blake, et. al., FAA Technical
Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., March 1983.
17. DOT/FAA/CT-83/44
"A Laboratory Test for Evaluating the Fire Containment Characteristics of Aircraft Class D Cargo Compartment
Lining Material,: L. Brown, et. al., FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., October 1983.
18. DOT/FAA/AR-TN97/103
"Initial Development of an Exploding Aerosol Can Simulator", T. Marker, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City
International Airport, NJ, April 1998.
19. "Revised Standards for Cargo or Baggage Compartments, etc.,
"Federal Register, Vol. 63, No 31, February 17, 1998, pp. 8032-8049.
20. DOT/FAA/AR-96/122
"Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Lavatory Trash Receptacle Automatic Fire Extinguishers",
T. Marker, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., February 1997.
21. DOT/FAA/AR-01/37
"Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers as a Replacement for Halon
1211 on Civil Transport Category Aircraft", H. Webster, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International
Airport, N.J., August 2002.
22. DOT/FAA/AR-TN03/6
"Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo Compartment Halon Replacement Fire Suppression
Systems", J. Reinhardt, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., April 2003.
23. DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/29
"Effectiveness for Flight Attendants Attempting to Extinguish Fires in an Accessible Cargo Compartment", D.
Blake, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., April 1999.
24. DOT/FAA/AR-95/5
"Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Gases and Development of a Survival Model", L. Speitel, FAA Technical
Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., July 1995.
25. Toxicology, 115, 79-87 (1996)
"Application of Full-Scale Fire Tests to Characterize and Improve the Aircraft Postcrash Fire Environment", C.
Sarkos
26. SAE Paper #821484
"Effectiveness of Seat Cushion Fire Blocking Layer Materials Against Cabin Fires", C. Sarkos and R. Hill,
Aerospace Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, October 25-28, 1982.
27. DOT/FAA/AR-TN04/33
"An Preliminary Examination of the Effectiveness of Hand-Held Extinguishers Against Hidden Fires in the Cabin
Overhead Area ofNarrow-Body and Wide-Body Transport Aircraft", T. Marker, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic
City International Airport, N.J., July 2007.
28. DOT/FAA/CT-83/43
"Aircraft Seat Fire Blocking Layers: Effectiveness and Benfits Under Various Scenarios", R. Hill, et. al., FAA
Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., February 1984.
29. DOT/FAA/CT-83/29
"Correlation of Laboratory-Scale Fire Test Methods for Seat Blocking Layer Materials with Large-Scale Test
Results", L. Brown, et. al., FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., June 1983.
30. AIAA Paper # 85-0393
"Evaluation of Aircraft Interior Panels Under Full-Scale Cabin Fire Test Conditions", C. Sarkos and R. Hill,
AIAA 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, NV, January 14-17, 1985.
31. DOT/FAA/CT-TN86/3
"Interlaboratory Comparison of Heat Release Rate Data from Aircraft Panels", R. Hill., et. al., FAA Technical
Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., March 1986.
32. DOT/FAA/AR-99/44
"Development of Improved Flammability Criteria for Aircraft Thermal Acoustic Insulation", T. Marker, FAA
Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, N.J., September 2000.
33. "Improved Flammability Standards for Thermal Acoustic Insulation, etc.",
Federal Register, Vol. 68, No. 147, July 31, 2003, pp 45046-45084.
34.Advisory Circular 25.856-1
"Thermal Acoustic Insulation Flame Propagation Test Method Details", DOT/FAA, June 24, 2005.
35. "Reduction of Fuel Tank Flammability in Transport Category Airplanes; Proposed Rule", Federal Register,
Vol. 70, No. 225, November 23, 2005, pp 70922-70962.
36.Advisory Circular 25.856-2
"Installation of Thermal Acoustic for Burnthrough Protection", DOT/FAA, January 17, 2006.
37. "Fire Penetration Resistance of Thermal Acoustic Insulation Installed on Transport Category Airplanes;
Proposed Rule", Federal Register, Vol. 71, No. 63, April 3, 2006, pp 16677-16682.
38.FAA Report AM 70-16
"Survival in Emergency Escape from Passenger Aircraft", C. Snow, J. Carroll and M. Allgood, FAA Office of
Aviation Medicine, October 1970.
39.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14, Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes,
DOT, Federal Aviation Administration, Revised as of January 1, 2007.
40.Toxicology, 115, 167-177 (1996)
"Fractional Effective Dose Model for Post-Crash Aircraft Survivability", L. Speitel.
41.Final Report Prepared for Office of Civil Defense
"Mass Fire Life Hazard", A. Pryor and C. Yuill, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, September
1966.
42.Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 16, No. 2, 78-89 (February 1979)
"Laboratory Fire Testing of Cabin Materials Used in Commercial Aircraft", C. Sarkos, J. Spurgeon and E.
Nicholas.
43.CAA Paper 95006: Part A (DOT/FAA/AR-95/52)
"Influence of Cabin Crew During Emergency Evacuations at Floor Level Exits", H. Muir and A. Cobbett,
Cranfield University, Department of Applied Psychology, Published by Civil Aviation Authority, London, July
1966.
44.Publication NMAB-447-2
Proceedings on Improved Fire-and Smoke-Resistant Materials for Commercial Aircraft Interiors, "Heat Exposure
and Burning Behavior of Cabin Materials During an Aircraft Post-Crash Fuel Fire", C. Sarkos, National Academy
Press, Washington, D.C. 1995.
45.DOT/FAA-NA-79-65
"Cabin Hazards From a Large External Fuel Fire Adjacent to an Aircraft Fuselage", L. Brown, FAA, National
Aviation Facilities Experimental Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, 1979.
46.DOT/FAA-AM-81-7
"Emergency Cabin Lighting Installations: Analysis of Ceiling Versus Lower Cabin-Mounted Lighting During
Evacuation Trials", B. Chesterfield, P. Rasmussen, and R. Dillon, FAA, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Oklahoma
City, OK, February 1981.
47.DOT/FAA/CT-81/28
"Effect of Thermal Radiation on the Integrity of Pressurized Aircraft Evacuation Slides and Slide Materials", L.
Brown and E. Nicholas, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, March 1981.
48.DOT/FAA/CT-86/7
"Antimisting Fuel Research and Development for Commercial Aircraft Final Summary Report", M. Yafee, FAA
Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, April 1986.
49.DOT/FAA/CT-88/03
"Study of Benefits of Passenger Protective Breathing Equipment From Analysis of Past Accidents", L. Speitel and
R. Hill, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, March 1988.
50."Full-Scale Test Effectiveness of Water Spray Systems for Improved Aircraft Fire Safety"
C. Sarkos, T. Marker, and R. Hill, Symposium on Fire and Combustion Systems, 1995 ASME International
Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, San Francisco, CA, November 12-17, 1995.
51.ICAO Circular132-AN/93
"Varig, Boeing 707, PP-VJZ, accident near Paris/Orly, France, on 11 July 1973, report, dated December 1975,
released by Secretariat d"Etat aux Transports, France.
52."Aircraft Accident Report, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Lockheed L-1011, HZ-AHK, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
August 19th, 1980"
Presidency of Civil Aviation, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, January 16, 1982.
53.NTSB/AAR-86/02
"Air Canada Flight 797, McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, C-FTL, Greater Cincinnati International Airport,
Covington, Kentucky, June 2, 1983", Aircraft Accident Report, National Transportation Safety Board,
Washington, DC 20594.
54.Report No. 5135
"South African Airways, Boeing 747-224B 'Combi', ZS-SAS, Indian Ocean Northeast of Plaisance Airport,
Mauritius, 28 November, 1987", The State of Registry, Republic of South Africa, August 1, 1989.
55.NTSB/AAR-97/06
"In-Flight Fire and Impact with Terrain, ValuJet Airlines Flight 592, DC-9-32, N904VJ, Everglades, Near Miami,
Florida, May 11, 1996", Aircraft Accident Report, National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC 20594.
56."Airworthiness Directives: McDonnell Douglas Model DC-9-80 and MD-90-30 Series Airplanes and Model
MD-88 Airplanes, and Model DC-10-10F, DC-10-15, DC-10-30, DC-10-30F, and DC-10-40 Series Airplanes and
Model MD-11 and 11F Series Airplanes, Final Rule"
Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 103, May 26, 2000, pp 34321-34360.
57.DOT/FAA/AR-00/12
"Aircraft Materials Fire Test Handbook", FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, April
2000.
58.DOT/FAA/CT-85/23
"Aircraft Interior Panel Test Criteria Derived From Full-Scale Fire Tests", R. Hill, T. Eklund and C. Sarkos, FAA
Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, September 1985.
59.DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/9
"Activation of Oxygen Generators in Proximity to Combustible Materials", T. O'Connor and E. Hagen, FAA
Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, May 1999.
60.DOT/FAA/AR-TN04/4
"Behavior of Bromotrifluoropropene and Pentafluoroethane when Subjected to a Simulated Aerosol Can
Explosion", J. Reinhardt, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, May 2004.
61.DOT/FAA/AR-04/26
"Flammability Assessment of Bulk-Packed, Nonrechargeable Lithium Primary Batteries in Transport Category
Aircraft", H. Webster, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, June 2004.
62.DOT/FAA/AR-06/38
"Flammability Assessment of Bulk-Packed, Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cells in Transport Category Aircraft", H.
Webster, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, September 2006.
63."Advisory Guidance: Transportation of Batteries and Battery-Powered Devices by Airline Passengers and
Crew Members"
Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 57, March 26, 2007, pp. 14167-14169.
64."Transport Airplane Fuel Tank System Design Review, Flammability Reduction, and Maintenance and
Inspection Requirements"
Final Rule (SFAR 88), Federal Register, Vol. 66, No. 88, May 7, 2001, pp 23085-23131.
65.DOT/FAA/AR-04/41
"Evaluation of Fuel Tank Flammability and the FAA Inerting System in the NASA 747 SCA", M. Burns, W.
Cavage, R. Morrison and S. Summer, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, December
2004.
Federal Register, Vol. 73, No. 140, July 21, 2008, pp. 42444-42504. R. Ochs, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ, report to be published.
66.“Reduction of Fuel Tank Flammability in Transport Category Airplanes”,
67.“Development of a Next Generation Burner for use in Testing Thermal Acoustic Insulation Burn-Through Resistance”,